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Jami at-Tirmidhi 2994

“The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was asked about this Ayah: ‘It is He who sent down to you the Book. In it are Ayat that are entirely clear. (Ali ‘Imran 3:7)’ until the end of…

Aishah bint Abi Bakrnarrated it
Sahihgraded sahih by Al-Albani
7names in the chain
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حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ

قَالَتْ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ: (هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ مُحْكَمَاتٌ) إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ فَأُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ سَمَّاهُمُ اللَّهُ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ»

“The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was asked about this Ayah: ‘It is He who sent down to you the Book. In it are Ayat that are entirely clear. (Ali ‘Imran 3:7)’ until the end of the Ayah. So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: ‘When you see those who seek what is not entirely clear thereof, then it is they whom Allah has described, so beware of them.’’”

আয়িশাহ (রাযিঃ) হতে বর্ণিত, তিনি বলেন, এ আয়াত বিষয়ে রাসূলুল্লাহ সাল্লাল্লাহু আলাইহি ওয়াসাল্লাম-কে প্রশ্ন করা হলঃ “তিনিই তোমাদের উপর এ কিতাব অবতীর্ণ করেছেন যার কিছু আয়াত মুহকাম, এগুলো কিতাবের মূল এবং অন্যগুলো মুতাশাবিহাত। যাদের মনে কুটিলতা আছে, তারাই ফিতনা সৃষ্টি এবং ভুল ব্যাখ্যার উদ্দেশে মুতাশাবিহাতের অনুসরণ করে..... শুধু বোধসম্পন্ন ব্যক্তিরাই শিক্ষা গ্রহণ করে"- (সূরা আ-লি ইমরান ৭)।রাসূলুল্লাহ সাল্লাল্লাহু আলাইহি ওয়াসাল্লাম বললেনঃ তোমরা কুরআনের মুতাশাবিহ আয়াতসমূহের অনুসারীদের দেখলে অনুধাবন করে নিবে যে, আল্লাহ তা'আলা এদেরই নামোল্লেখ করেছেন।

কাজেই তোমরা তাদের পরিহার করবে। সহীহঃ বুখারী (৪৫৭৪), মুসলিম। আবূ ঈসা বলেন, এ হাদীসটি হাসান সহীহ। এ হাদীসটি আইয়ুব (রাহঃ)-এর বরাতে ইবনু আবূ মুলাইকাহ সূত্রেও আয়িশাহ (রাযিঃ) হতে বর্ণিত হয়েছে। এ হাদীসটি ইবনু আবী মুলাইকাহ হতে আয়িশাহ্ (রাযিঃ) সূত্রে একাধিক বর্ণনাকারী একই রকম বর্ণনা করেছেন। তারা তাতে আল-কাসিম ইবনু মুহাম্মাদ হতে” এ কথাটি উল্লেখ করেননি।

ইয়াযীদ ইবনু ইবরাহীমই এ হাদীসে “আল-কাসিম ইবনু মুহাম্মাদ"-এর নাম উল্লেখ করেছেন। ইবনু আবী মুলাইকাহ হলেন আবদুল্লাহ ইবনু উবাইদুল্লাহ ইবনু আবী মুলাইকাহ। তিনি আয়িশাহ (রাযিঃ)-এর নিকট হতেও হাদীস শুনেছেন

ام المؤمنین عائشہ رضی الله عنہا کہتی ہیں کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے آیت «هو الذي أنزل عليك الكتاب منه آيات محكمات» کی تفسیر پوچھی گئی تو رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا: ”جب تم ان لوگوں کو آیات متشابہات کے پیچھے پڑے ہوئے دیکھو تو سمجھ لو کہ یہی وہ لوگ ہیں جن کا اللہ نے نام لیا ہے اور ایسے لوگوں سے بچو“۔

امام ترمذی کہتے ہیں: ۱- یہ حدیث حسن صحیح ہے، ۲- یہ حدیث ایوب سے بھی مروی ہے، اور ایوب نے ابن ابی ملیکہ کے واسطہ سے عائشہ سے روایت کی ہے، ۳- ایسے ہی یہ حدیث متعدد لوگوں نے ابن ابی ملیکہ سے عائشہ سے روایت کی ہے۔ لیکن ان لوگوں نے اپنی اپنی روایات میں ”قاسم بن محمد“ کا ذکر نہیں کیا ہے۔

ان کا ذکر صرف ”یزید بن ابراہیم تستری“ نے اس حدیث میں «عن القاسم» کہہ کر کیا ہے، ۴- ابن ابی ملیکہ عبداللہ بن عبیداللہ بن ابی ملیکہ ہیں، انہوں نے بھی عائشہ سے سنا ہے۔

Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abd bin Humaid] telah kepada kami [Abu Al Walid Ath Thayalisi] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Yazid bin Ibrahim] telah menceritakan kepada kami [Ibnu Abu Mulaikah] dari [Al Qasim bin Muhammad] dari ['Aisyah] ia berkata; Rasulullah shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam pernah ditanya tentang ayat ini: Dia-lah yang menurunkan Al Kitab (Al Qur'an) kepada kamu.

Di antara (isi) nya ada ayat-ayat yang muhkamaat." QS Ali 'Imraan: 7, beliau bersabda: "Jika kalian melihat orang-orang yang mengikuti sebahagian ayat-ayat yang mutasyabihat daripada (al Qur'an), merekalah yang Allah sebut (dalam ayat ini), oleh karena itu hendaklah kalian berhati-hati terhadap mereka." Abu Isa mengatakan; bahwa hadits ini hasan shahih.

Dan telah diriwayatkan dari [Ayyub] dari [Ibnu Abu Mulaikah] dari [Aisyah] seperti ini, tidak satu orang yang meriwayatkan hadits ini dari Ibnu Abu Mulaikah dari Aisyah dan tidak menyebutkan di dalamnya dari Al Qasim bin Muhammad dan hanya menyebutkan Yazid bin Ibrahim At Tustari dari Al Qasim di dalam hadits ini, dan Ibnu Abu Mulaikah adalah Abdullah bin Ubaidullah bin Abu Mulaikah, dia mendengar dari Aisyah juga

Âişe (radıyallahü anha)’dan rivâyete göre, şöyle demiştir: Rasûlüllah (sallallahü aleyhi ve sellem)’e Âl-i Imrân sûresi 7. ayetinin tefsiri soruldu da bunun üzerine şöyle buyurdu: “O Kur’ân’ın müteşabih âyetlerine uyanları gördüğünüzde kalbleri sapanlar diye Allah’ın adlandırdığı kimseler onlardır, onlardan sakının.” (Buhârî, Tefsirül Kur’ân: 27; Müslim: İlim: 17) Bu hadis hasen sahihtir.

Bu hadisi Eyyûb’tan, İbn ebî Müleyke’den ve Âişe hadisi olarak rivâyet edilmiştir. Pek çok kişi bu hadisi İbn ebî Müleyke’den ve Âişe’den rivâyet ederek senedinde “Kâsım b. Muhammed’i” zikretmediler. Bu hadisin senedinde Kâsım b. Muhammed’i sadece Yezîd b. İbrahim et Tüsterî zikretmektedir. ebî Müleyke; Abdullah b. Ubeydullah b. Ebî Müleyke olup Âişe’den hadis işitmiştir

Jami at-Tirmidhi 2994, Book 47, Chapters on Tafsir, Hadith 46. 1 min read
The note in this edition

قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ هَكَذَا رَوَى غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرُوا فِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التُّسْتَرِيُّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. وَابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ سَمِعَ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ أَيْضًا

What it means

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse: {It is He Who has sent down to you the Book. In it are definite verses, which are the foundation of the Book, while others are ambiguous. Those with deviant hearts follow the ambiguous verses, seeking discord and seeking their [false] interpretation.

But no one knows their [true] interpretation except Allah. And those who are well-grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in it. It is all from our Lord." None will take heed except people of understanding.} Allah Almighty says in this verse that it is He Who sent down the Qur’an to His Prophet and that it contains clear verses that give specific unambiguous rulings; these serve as the foundation and points of reference of the Book, and they are to be referred to when differences arise.

And it contains other verses that may give a number of potential meanings, over which people may get confused or they may think there is a contradiction between one of those verses and another verse. Then, Allah points out how people deal with those verses. Those whose hearts are deviated from the truth abandon the definite verses and turn to the ambiguous ones, thereby seeking to create misconceptions and mislead people.

On the other hand, those well-grounded in knowledge know these ambiguous verses and refer them to the definite ones, believing in them and that they are from Allah Almighty and that they cannot be confusing or contradictory. But no one remembers this or takes heed from it except the people of sound minds. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) told the Mother of the Believers ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that, if she saw those who follow the ambiguous verses, then indeed they are the ones named by Allah in the verse that reads: {Those with deviant hearts}; so, beware of them and do not listen to them.

What it teaches

  • The definite verses of the Qur’an are those verses whose meanings are apparent and clear; whereas the ambiguous verses are those verses with a number of potential meanings and so they require consideration and understanding.
  • The Hadīth warns against associating with the people of deviation and religious innovations and those who raise ambiguous issues with the aim of misleading people and casting doubts into their hearts.
  • The concluding part of the verse {None will take heed except people of understanding} is an indirect reference to the deviant people and praise for those well-grounded in knowledge. In other words, he who does not take heed and admonition and follows his vain inclination is not one of the people of understanding.
  • Following the ambiguous verses causes deviation of the heart.
  • The ambiguous verses whose meanings may not be understood should be referred to the definite verses.
  • Allah Almighty has made some of the Qur’an definite and some of it ambiguous as a test for people to distinguish the people of faith from the people of misguidance.
  • Part of the wisdom behind making some of the Qur’an's verses ambiguous is to show the superiority of scholars to others and to highlight the limitations of people's minds, so that they may submit to their Creator and acknowledge their own deficiencies.
  • The Hadīth highlights the merit of being well-grounded in knowledge and the necessity of steadfastness in it.
  • The Qur’an's exegetes have two views on the pause after the word 'Allah' in the verse that reads: {But no one knows their [true] interpretation except Allah. And those who are well-grounded in knowledge.} In the case of those who advocate the pause after the word 'Allah', the 'interpretation' here refers to knowing the reality and essence of it and such matters that cannot be realized like the spirit, the Hour, and other things whose knowledge Allah kept exclusively to Himself. Those well-grounded in knowledge believe in it and leave its realities to Allah, and thus they submit and become safe. On the other hand, those who advocate the continuity of recitation and not taking a pause after the word 'Allah' hold that the 'interpretation' here means explanation and clarification. Thus, Allah Almighty knows it, and so do the people well-grounded in knowledge, who believe in them and refer them to the definite verses.

From the Encyclopedia of Translated Prophetic Hadiths, hadeethenc.com.

The chain

Who passed it on, from Imam at-Tirmidhi back to the one who was there.

  1. 1Imam at-TirmidhiCompiler, died 279 AH
  2. 2Abd ibn HumaydTold us, Fourth generation, died 249 AH
  3. 3Abu Dawud at-TayalisiInformed us, Third generation, died 203 AH
  4. 4Yazid ibn IbrahimTold us, Third generation, died 161 AH
  5. 5Ibn Abi MulaykahTold us, Successor, died 117 AH
  6. 6Al-Qasim ibn MuhammadFrom, Successor, died 101 AH
  7. 7Aishah bint Abi BakrFrom, Companion, died 57 AH

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