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Sahih al-Bukhari 4662

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, “Time has come back to its original state which it had when Allah created the Heavens and the Earth; the year is twelve months, four of which are…

Nufaynarrated it
Sahihgraded sahih
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حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ، السَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْهَا، أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ، ثَلَاثٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ، ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ وَرَجَبُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ»

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, “Time has come back to its original state which it had when Allah created the Heavens and the Earth; the year is twelve months, four of which are sacred. Three of them are in succession; Dhul-Qada, Dhul-Hijja and Al-Muharram, and (the fourth being) Rajab Mudar (named after the tribe of Mudar as they used to respect this month) which stands between Jumad (ath-thani) and Shaban.”

আবূ বাকর (রাঃ) কর্তৃক নবী সাল্লাল্লাহু ‘আলাইহি ওয়াসাল্লাম হতে বর্ণিত। তিনি বললেন, আল্লাহ যেদিন আসমান যমীন সৃষ্টি করেন সেদিন যেভাবে যামানা ছিল তা আজও তেমনি আছে। বারমাসে এক বছর, তার মধ্যে চার মাস পবিত্র। যার তিন মাস ধারাবাহিক যথা যিলকাদ, যিলহাজ্জ ও মুহার্রম আর মুযার গোত্রের রাজব যা জামাদিউসসানী ও শাবান মাসের মধ্যবর্তী। [৬৭]

ہم سے عبداللہ بن عبدالوہاب نے بیان کیا، کہا ہم سے حماد بن زید نے بیان کیا، ان سے ایوب سختیانی نے، ان سے محمد بن سیرین نے، ان سے عبدالرحمٰن بن ابی بکرہ نے، ان سے ان کے والد ابوبکرہ نفیع بن حارث رضی اللہ عنہ نے کہ رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ( حجۃ الوداع کے خطبے میں ) فرمایا کہ دیکھو زمانہ پھر اپنی پہلی اسی ہیئت پر آ گیا ہے جس پر اللہ تعالیٰ نے آسمان و زمین کو پیدا کیا تھا۔

سال بارہ مہینے کا ہوتا ہے، ان میں سے چار حرمت والے مہینے ہیں۔ تین تو لگاتار یعنی ذی قعدہ، ذی الحجۃ اور محرم اور چوتھا رجب مضر جو جمادی الاخریٰ اور شعبان کے درمیان میں پڑتا ہے۔

Telah menceritakan kepada kami ['Abdullah bin 'Abdul Wahhab] Telah menceritakan kepada kami [Hammad bin Zaid] dari [Ayyub] dari [Muhammad] dari [Ibnu Abu Bakrah] dari [Abu Bakrah] dari Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi wasallam bersabda: "Sesungguhnya waktu telah berputar sebagaimana mestinya, hal itu ditetapkan pada hari Allah menciptakan langit dan bumi.

Dalam setahun ada dua belas bulan, diantaranya ada empat bulan yang mulia. Tiga darinya berturut-turut, yaitu Dzul Qa'dah, Dzul Hijjah, Muharram, dan Rajab yang biasa diagungkan Bani Mudlar yaitu antara Jumadil tsani dan Sya'ban

Ebu Bekre'den Hz. Nebi'in şöyle buyurduğunu rivayet edilmiştir: Zaman, dönüp Allah Teala'nın gökleri ve yeryüzünü yarattığı günkü haline gelmiştir. Yıl, on iki aydan meydana gelir. Bu aylardan dört tanesi haram aydır. Haram ayların da üçü peşpeşe gelir. Bunlar, Zülka'de, Zülhicce, Muharrem ve Cumada ve Şa'ban aylan arasında bulunan Mudar kabilesinin Receb ayıdır.

Fethu'l-Bari Açıklaması: "Gökleri ve yeri yarattığı günde Allah'ın yazısına göre, Allah katında ayların sayısı on iki olup" ayeti Yüce Allah'ın gökleri ve yeryüzünü yaratmaya başladığı zaman, bir seneyi on iki ay yaptığı anlamına gelir.

"İşte doğru din budur," ayetinin tefsirinde Ebu Ubeyde şöyle demiştir: Yani dosdoğru din budur....Kayyim kelimesi,....sade yesudu kökünden türemiş ...seyyid veznindedir. Ayetin "O aylar içinde kendinize zulmetmeyin," kısmı, "Haram aylarda savaşmayı helal kabul ederek kendinize hakslZlık etmeyin," anlamındadır. Bu ifadenin "Günah işleyerek kendinize zulmetmeyin" anlamına geldiği de söylenmiştir.

"Zaman, dönüp Allah Teala'nın gökleri ve yeryüzünü yarattığı günkü haline gelmiştir," ifadesinin açıklaması "Bedu'l-halk" bölümünün başlarında geçmişti. Bu hadisteki zamandan maksat, senedir.

"Yıl, on iki aydan meydana gelir." Arap kameri takvimi on iki aydan oluşur. Bunun nedeni hakkında İmam Taberi, Husayn İbn Abdirrahman kanalıyla Ebu Malik'in şöyle söylediğini nakletmiştir: Cahiliyye Arapları bir seneyi on üç aya böıüyordu. Bir başka açıdan da yılı on iki ay, yirmi beş gün kabul ediyorlardı. Günler ve aylar buna göre gelip geçiyordu.

"Haram aylann da üçü peşpeşe gelir." Nebi Sallallahu Alyhi ve Sellem bu sözü ile dört haram ayı açıklamaya başlamıştır. Onun bu açıklamasında, Arapların Cahiliyye döneminde yaptıkları haram ayları erteleme uygulamasının asılslZ olduğuna bir işaret vardır. Anlatıldığına göre Araplar, savaşmadan geçirecekleri üç ayın peşpeşe gelmesi için Muharrem ayını Safer, Safer'i de Muharrem yapıyorl('lrdı. Bundan dolayı Hz. Nebi "peşpeşe" ifadesini kullanmıştır. Cahiliyye Arapları farklı gruplara ayrılmıştl. Bir kısmı, Muharrem ayını Safer ayı olarak değiştirip bu ayda savaşmayı helal, Safer ayını da Muharrem olarak isimlendirip o ayda da savaşmayı haram kabul ediyordu.

Bazıları da, bir sene böyle, bir sene de bunun tam tersine göre amel ediyordu. Diğer bazıları ise, iki sene böyle, iki sene de bunun tam tersine göre hareket ediyordu. Bir grup daha vardı ki, onlar, Safer ayını Rabiulewel ayına kadar erteliyorlardı. Rabiu'l-ewel ayını da, kendisinden sonra gelen aya tehir ediyorlardı. Şewal ayı Zülka'de ve Zülka'de de Zülhicce oluncaya kadar bu şekilde devam ederlerdi.

Sonra tekrar dönüp sayıları aslına irca ederlerdi. Hadis, ayların normal seyrine döndüğünü ve nesınin (ayları ertelemenin) geçersiz olduğunu ifade eder

Sahih al-Bukhari 4662, Book 65, Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh)), Hadith 184. 1 min read

What it means

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon on the Day of An-Nahr, during the Farewell Hajj. He informed his Companions(may Allah be pleased with him) that at that point of time in the year, the Nasī’ (postponement of the sacred months people used to do in pre-Islamic Arabia) became in accordance with what Allah has legislated with regard to the sacred months.

That is because the people of Jāhiliyyah (pre-Islamic times) had altered the order Allah had set for the sacred months. They would deem sacred months to be not sacred, and turned months that are not sacred to be sacred, in order to fight and oppress each other whenever they so willed. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then explained that the year consists of twelve months, which are: Muharram, Safar, Rabī‘ al-Awwal, Rabī‘ Ath-Thāni, Jumāda al-’Ūla, Jumāda Ath-Thāniyah, Rajab, Sha‘bān, Ramadan, Shawwāl, Dhu al-Qi‘dah, and Dhu al-Hijjah.

These are the twelve months of the year that Allah has made for His servants since the creation of the heavens and the earth. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) then explained that four of these months are sacred, and that three of these four months are consecutive and one is separate. The three consecutive months are: Dhu al-Qi‘dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, and Muharram.

Allah has made these months sacred, meaning that fighting is not permissible in them, and no tribe is allowed to attack another therein. The reason for this is that these are the months in which people travel to Makkah to perform Hajj. It is part of Allah’s divine wisdom that He made these months sacred so that no fighting occurs during the months of Hajj.

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then said: "and Rajab of Mudar (tribe) that comes between Jumāda and Sha‘bān." This is the fourth of the sacred months, and the people before Islam would perform ‘Umrah exclusively in this month, and then perform Hajj during the other three sacred months. This month then became sacred as well, just as the other three were.

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) then asked them about what month they were in, what city they were in, and what day it was. He asked them this in order to alert them and evoke their attention, because what he was going to say next was very important.

When he asked them what month they were in, they said "Allah and His Messenger know best". They said this because they did not think the Prophet would ask a question with such a readily known answer, so they assumed he would say something they did not know. They therefore answered saying "Allah and His Messenger know best". This reply reflects their good manners.

He then remained silent, because people pay attention to the speaker when he pauses. Abu Bakrah said that his silence was so long that they thought he was going to give it a name other than its known name.

He then said: "Is it not Dhu al-Hijjah?" They answered: "Indeed, it is!" He then asked what city they were in. They answered saying that Allah and His Messenger knew best, even though they knew it was Makkah. However, out of respect to the Messenger of Allah, they gave this answer. They did not say to him that this was something already known, or say: "This is well known, O Messenger of Allah.

Why are you asking us about it?" Rather, they answered politely and in a manner befitting the situation. The Messenger of Allah then remained silent, to the point that they thought he would give it another name.

He then said: "Is it not Al-Baldah?" Al-Baldah is one of the names of Makkah. They said: "Indeed, it is!" He then asked: "What day is this." They answered: "Allah and His Messenger know best," just as they did previously.

He said: "Is it not the Day of An-Nahr?" They said: "Indeed, it is, O Messenger of Allah," They said this knowing that it was the sacred month of Dhu al-Hijjah, in the sacred city of Makkah, on the sacred Day of An-Nahr, meaning that they were all held as sacred.

He then said: "Verily, your blood, property and honor are sacred (inviolable) to you like the sacredness of this day of yours, in this city of yours, in this month of yours." He emphasized the sacredness of these three things: Blood, property and honor. These three are sacred in the sight of Allah. The word blood includes human life and what is subordinate to it (human body), property includes both large and small amounts, and honor includes illicit sexual intercourse, sodomy and false accusations of immorality, and it may also include backbiting, insulting and cursing.

These three things are unlawful for a Muslim to violate with regard to his Muslim brother. He then said: "Do not return to disbelief after my death, striking the necks of one another." If Muslims started to kill each other, they become disbelievers, because a Muslim does not deem the blood of another Muslim lawful; only a non-Muslim does this.

He then ordered those who witnessed his sermon to transmit it to those who were absent, and said that perhaps someone to whom the content of the sermon is conveyed might have better understanding of it than the one who heard it from him directly. This was a command to the Companions who attended the sermon, as well as to all those who hear this Hadīth until the Day of Judgment.

The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) then said: "Behold, have I delivered the message? Have I delivered the message?" He was asking his Companions that question and they answered: "Indeed, you have." He then said: "O Allah, bear witness to this!"

From the Encyclopedia of Translated Prophetic Hadiths, hadeethenc.com.

The chain

Who passed it on, from Imam al-Bukhari back to the one who was there.

  1. 1Imam al-BukhariCompiler, died 256 AH
  2. 2Abdullah ibn Abd al-WahhabTold us, Fourth generation, died 228 AH
  3. 3Hammad ibn ZaydTold us, Third generation, died 177 AH
  4. 4Ayyub as-SakhtiyaniFrom, Successor, died 130 AH
  5. 5Muhammad ibn SirinFrom, Successor, died 110 AH
  6. 6Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi BakrahFrom, Successor, died 96 AH
  7. 7Nufay ibn al-HarithFrom, Companion, died 50 AH

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